Ultrasound

Know the basics of abdominal ultrasound from the physical through to the main artifacts Implement a B mode abdominal ultrasound configuration program Execute the basic movements of displacement, rotation and sweeping with the micro-convex probe Understand the principal problems which can arise during examination and know how to resolve them using appropriate movements Translate a 2D ultrasound view into a 3D abdominal location

Be capable of locating and exploring the canine abdominal organs Abdominal protocol I - identification, examination and most common pathology of abdominal organs and structures: Gastrointestinal system, liver and biliary tract Spleen, pancreas, adrenals and lymph nodes bladder and kidneys Vascular markers. Ultrasound of the reproductive system in males and females and the most frequent pathologies uterus and ovaries prostate and testicles Pregnancy diagnosis Clinical cases: how to interpret the findings and relate them to the clinical signs of the animal

Recognise the complex patterns of the abdominal organs and integrate them with differential diagnoses Be aware of the most frequent errors in the algorithms for inflammation vs neoplasia

Perform ultrasound examination of the pulmonary field and know how to identify A & B lines, pleural effusions and pneumothorax Know of and perform basic ultrasound protocols using micro convex and linear probes on the eyeball, neck and musculoskeletal system

Understand the physics of ultrasound involved in the generation of the echocardiographic image Understand the uses of echocardiographic probes and the techniques for ultrasound use Be able to perform right and left echardiographic views in the canine patient

Develop a critical view of the image obtained by knowing about possible artifacts and main errors and using them in the assessment Know the basic echocardiographic measurements and their uses in clinical practice Integrate the images, measurements and indices obtained from the patient in decision making, prognosis and choice of treatment

Know the physical fundamentals of Doppler and its applications in echocardiographic exploration Optimise colour mode Doppler and the traces of continuous and pulses modes in the canine patient

Be knowledgeable of and be able to perform the echocardiographical protocol for canine dilated cardiomyopathy and filariasis Understand and perform the echocardiographical protocol for feline cardiomyopathies Integrate echocardiographical patterns in acquired diseases with the patient’s clinical signs and learn how to write a report

Understand the physical principals of Doppler mode in abdominal ultrasound Perform optimal adjustment of Doppler mode on the ultrasound system Apply the semiquantitative indices to the ultrasound protocol Take velocimetric measurements from the porta hepatis knowing the advantages and disadvantages of the technique

Understand the different variants of portosystemic communications and the technique for the intersplenic injection of microbubbles Perform a search protocol for communications in the canine patient Be able to obtain adequate samples using echo-guided techniques

Know the pressures of each cardiac chamber and be able to perform haemodynamic estimation for each pathology Identify diagnostic ultrasound patterns of congenital heart diseases Integrate an echographical diagnosis with therapeutic decisions and a prognosis for each congenital pathology

Know the Ultrasonographic diagnostic parameters for pulmonary hypertension Follow and perform ultrasound protocols to rule out congenital heart pathologies

Understand the advanced methodology for the use of the calculation of gradients in echocardiography Perform a standard echocardiographic protocol with all views and projections

Know the parameters for diastolic evaluation in echocardiography Integrate advanced echocardiographic diagnostic elements with clinical ones and situation of the patient to make correct clinical decisions