Small Animal Surgery

• Revise asepsis, sterilisation and appropriate antibiosis for surgical cases
• Expand your knowledge of instrumentation and instrument handling
• Become more familiar with the uses of suture, needles, staples and clips
• Understand the principles of wound healing  and how this applies to your clinical cases
• Re-visit the principles of wound management and get up-to-date with what is available now

• Understand the anatomy of the urinary tract
• Discuss the surgical options for obstructive diseases of the urinary tract –ureters, bladder and urethra
• Describe the approach to urinary tract trauma – kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra
• Discuss treatment options for urinary incontinence, including colposuspension, TVT and urethral occluders
• Describe the surgical approach to neoplasia of the urinary tract
• Understand the common surgical disorders of the female and male reproductive tracts and their treatment options

• Salivary gland diseases - mucocoeles, trauma, hypersialism, neoplasia
• Oesophageal disorders and the limitations of oesophageal surgery
• Gastrotomy and gastrectomy: there is more to surgery of the stomach than just GDV
• Small intestinal disease and how your decision-making can reduce complications - serosal and omental patching, obstructions and foreign bodies, neoplasia
• Review and revise ruptures and hernias

• Large intestinal surgery and the differences between cats and dogs - Megacolon, rectal prolapse and stricture
• Surgical approaches to the rectum and anus - atresia ani, anal sac disease, anal furunculosis
• Liver surgery – suture, staples or electrosurgery
• Biliary tract surgery – anatomy and surgical options
• Pancreatic surgery
• Splenectomy – does it need removing and if so, which technique and what are the alternatives to removal?

• Surgery of the lips and cheeks, tongue and hard palate
• Maxilla/mandible – maxillectomy and mandibulectomy
• Pharyngeal surgery
• Tonsillar surgery
• The ear – lateral wall resection, vertical canal ablation, total canal ablation/lateral bulla osteotomy, ventral bulla osteotomy, haematomas

• The nose – neoplasia, autoimmune disease
• The nasal sinuses
• Brachycephalic airway disease
• Laryngeal diseases – paralysis, collapse, trauma, stenosis, neoplasia
• Tracheal surgery – tracheotomy, tracheostomy, collapse, resection/anastomosis, trauma, foreign bodies, neoplasia

Hernias: hiatal, perineal, inguinal, umbilical, diaphragmatic, prepubic

Peritonitis: going into the detail of the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment options

Thoracic Surgery:

• Big dog / little dog: who wins?
• Thoracostomy for pneumothorax, pyothorax and chylothorax – which tube?
• Thoracotomy – which side and which rib space?
• Lung Lobectomy – how many lobes can you take?
• PDA – is this still a surgical condition?
• Pericardectomy – how much should you take?
• PRAA – why does a regurgitating patient need a thoracotomy?
• Chylothorax – can you find the thoracic duct?
• Chest wall diseases – how far can you advance the diaphragm?

• Principles of oncology
• Principles of oncologic surgery
• Surgery for skin tumours, mast cell tumour, oral tumours - maxillectomy and mandibulectomy and gastrointestinal tumours
• Feline-specific tumours (+/- injection site sarcoma)
• Principles of reconstructive surgery - skin flaps and grafts
• Principles and uses of surgical drains

• Wound closure - Tension relieving techniques, management of ‘dog ears’
• Pedicle Flaps - advancement, rotational and transposition to help close the larger or trickier defects
• Muscle and omental flaps - using muscle in defects by practising the external abdominal oblique muscle flap
• Skin grafts - full thickness and stamp and how to maximise their chances of success

• Total ear canal ablation (TECA) and lateral bulla osteotomy - Suture materials and special instruments, post-op care and assessment, complications
• Ventral bulla osteotomy - Suture materials and special instruments, post-op care and assessment, complications
• Thyroid surgery - Thyroidectomy in the dog, thyroidectomy in the cat demonstration
• Unilateral arytenoid lateralisation - Pre-op management, anaesthesia, surgical anatomy, surgical technique, post-op care and assessment

• Describe the advantages and disadvantages of different monitoring techniques.
• Evaluate and treat fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
• Develop anaesthetic protocols for healthy and high-risk patients.
• Understand the techniques used for stabilisation of patients in a critical state including CPR and treatments used in intensive care

• Thoracotomy - A successful thoracotomy is all in the planning: Pre-operative assessment and preparation, intra-operative anatomy and surgical technique and post-operative care all work together to optimise outcomes
• Lung lobectomy – Partial and complete lobectomy: choosing which technique to perform and reducing the risk of air leakage post-operatively
• Pericardectomy – Understand the pros and cons of subtotal pericardectomy
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) – These young patients require careful pre-operative management, controlled anaesthesia, precise surgical anatomical knowledge and technique, as well as appropriate post-operative care

• Oesophageal foreign bodies - Pre-op management, anaesthesia, surgical anatomy, surgical technique, post-op care and assessment
• Gastric dilatation volvulus - Temporary and permanent gastropexy

• Nephrectomy and nephrotomy - Partial nephrectomy, ureteronephrectomy, indications for nephrotomy
• Urethrostomy - Prescrotal, scrotal, perineal, prepubic

• Luxation, osteochondrosis, dysplasia, excision arthroplasty and fractures of the shoulder
• Luxations, developmental disease, un-united anconeal process and fractures of the elbow
• Developmental carpal disease, carpal hyperextension and arthrodesis, luxations and fractures of the carpus and foot
• Growth plate disorders

• Conditions of the hip, including dysplasia, luxations, arthroplasty and total hip replacement
• Pelvic fractures
• Femoral fractures
• Conditions of the stifle, including patellar luxation, osteochondrosis, fractures and cruciate rupture
• Conditions of the hock, including osteochondrosis, luxation and fractures

• The initial assessment of the fracture patient
• Descriptions and applications of fracture classification
• Principles and decision making in fracture repair
• Methods of fracture fixation and implants, including plating and external fixation devices

• The principles of fracture reduction, including both closed and open techniques
• Options for bone grafting including both cancellous and cortical grafts
• Approaches to the following complications: delayed union, non-union, mal-union and osteomyelitis

• Neuroanatomical localization: neurological examination and interpretation.
• Imaging techniques of spinal column
• Atlantoaxial instability
• Cervical spondylomyelopathy (csm) - wobbler syndrome
• Neurological emergencies

• Cervical intervertebral disc surgery
• Thoracolumbar intervertebral disc surgery
• Lumbosacral  Stenosis.
• Spinal Trauma

• Perform a caudolateral and craniomedial approach to the shoulder joint • Perform a biceps tenotomy • Revise various elbow joint procedures • Perform a medial and lateral approach to the elbow joint • Perform a subtotal coronoidectomy • Apply a lag screw fixation to fix the Ununited Anconeal Process (UAP) • Execute a proximal/distal ulna osteotomy

• Perform a craniodorsal approach to the hip • Identify all the steps to correctly perform a femoral head ostectomy (FHNO) • Approach to the stifle joint laterally • Execute lateral fabello-tibial sutures • Perform recession trochleoplasties • Describe the key stages involved in a tibial tuberosity transposition procedure

• Application of cerclages and tension band fixations
• Application of positional and lag screws
• Tibial fractures
• Medial approach to the tibia
• Application of a bone plate
• Radial fractures
• Cranio-medial / lateral approach to the radius
• Application of a bone plate
• Femoral fractures
• Lateral approach to the femur
• Application of a bone plate and an intramedullary pin (plate and rod)

• Recognize the most important features to correctly approach humeral fractures
• Approach the humeral shaft laterally
• Apply a bone plate and an intramedullary pin (plate and rod)
• Perform a dorsal approach to the carpal joint
• Perform a carpal arthrodesis
• Perform a medial and lateral approach to the tarsal joint
• Perform a tarsal arthrodesis

• Cancellous bone grafting
• Harvest cancellous bone from the proximal humerus
• Review external fixation equipment
• Pins, bars and clamps
• Tibial Fracture
• Surgical repair with a type II linear frame
• Comminuted Radial Fracture
• Surgical repair with a type Ib linear frame